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 Mesaj Başlığı: Mixing politics and Islam
MesajGönderilme zamanı: 12.01.10, 14:11 #mesajın linki (?)
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Mixing politics and Islam

TOI Crest, 2 January 2010,



Contemporary Islam as practised and propagated by the radicals - the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, al-Qaida and Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan and Jamaat-e-Islami in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh - is part of political Islam. Political organisations whose aim is to establish an Islamic state operate under the garb of missionary and reformist outfits.

The adherents of political Islam believe that Muslims must strive for an Islamic state, even if it needs an armed struggle. Scholars say that political Islam, to give religious legitimacy to violent activities, has misused the Quranic injunctions about jihad. The word jihad appears 44 times in the Quran. Nowhere has it been used in the sense of war. For war, the Quran has words like qatal and harb. Derived from the Arabic word juhd, jihad literally means to strive, to struggle.

The founding fathers of political Islam are: Hasan al-Banna (1906-49 ) who founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt; Syed Qutb(1906-66 ) who succeeded him after al-Bannah's assassination in 1949; and Maulana Abul-Ala Maududi (1903-70 ) who founded the Jamaat-e-Islami in Lahore in 1941. These ideologues propounded that jihad can be used as armed struggle to realise the dream of an Islamic state. Decades later, some of Maududi's followers founded the Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI), now banned. The manifestations of political Islam - Hamas in Palestine, Hizbollah in Lebanon and Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan use violence for political gains.

WAHABISM

Founded by Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab (1703-1792), this reformist movement flourished in the Arabian Peninsula and was later exported to other parts of the world. Wahab made a pact with the House of Saud and started the puritanical movement with handsome patronage from the Saudi kings. Also called Salafism, Wahabism, apart from the Quran and the Hadith, use works of Ibn Taymiyyah, a 14th century Syrian scholar, as guidance. The Wahabis reject Sufism as innovations.

AHLE HADEES

Though they don't like to be called Wahabis, the Ahle Hadees are ardent practioners of Wahabism. In India, Salafi scholars attended an annual function of Madrassa Ahmedia in Arrah (Bihar), and founded Markazi Jamiat Ahle Hadees on December 22, 1906. Headquartered near Jama Masjid in Delhi, the Jamiat Ahle Hadees practises pristine monotheism (Tawheed) and follow the Sunnah. It has a wide network of madrassas across the country, including Jamia Salfia in Benares founded in 1963. The Jamiat Ahle Hadees claims that scholars and freedom fighters like Maulana Azad, Maulana Abdul Majeed Hairi, Maulana Abdul Wahab Arvi and Maulana Abdul Qayyum Rahmani were Ahle Hadees.

DEOBANDIS

Deobandis are one of the major divisions of the Hanafi school. After the British brutally crushed the 1857 rising, a group of Muslim clerics saw the Raj as an extension of the Christian missionaries. To offset the "negative" impact of Christianity and safeguard the purity of Islam, the clerics started a movement. They established the Islamic seminary, Darul Uloom, at Deoband in western UP in 1867. The products and adherents of the Deoband madrassa were called Deobandis. The Deobandis advocate a return to the early days of Islam. However, many prominent Deobandi ulema, including Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madni, opposed the twonation theory of the Muslim League and preferred a multicultural India to a monotheistic Pakistan. The Taliban are inspired by the Deobandis.

TABLIGHI JAMAAT

Founded by Maulana Mohammed Ilyas, a product of the Deoband madrassa, in the 1920s, the Tablighi Jamaat (TJ) aimed to popularise the teachings of Islamic reforms among poor Muslims. Maulana Mohammed Ilyas began his teachings first among the poor Meos (Muslims in Mewat of Haryana). The Tablighis leave home and hearth in groups (jamaat) for three days, a month and chillah (40 days) and tour hamlets of Muslims. Headquartered at Nizamuddin in New Delhi, TJ is now a world-wide movement. Intelligence agencies have often accused the Tablighis of radicalising Muslims, a charge the Tablighis vehemently deny. Pakistani cricketer Yusuf Yuohana was influenced by the TJ and converted to Islam a few years ago.

BARELVIS

Another divison of the Hanafi school, the Barelvis are mostly based in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Founded by Ahmed Raza Khan of Bareilly in UP (hence the name), the Barelvi sect believes in seeking Allah's blessings through the medium of sacred souls (pirs ). While the Ahle Hadees and Deobandis consider visiting the graves of saints innovations, Barelvis see it as part of faith.

JAMAAT-E-ISLAMI

Founded by Syed Abul Ala Maududi in the 1940s, the Jamaat-e-Islami is a political movement which believes that Muslims must strive to live in an Islamic state. In India, it has gained acceptance among a section of educated Muslims. They have often been blamed for radicalising the Muslim youth. The SIMI originated in the womb of Jamaat-e-Islami in the 1970s. Headquartered in Delhi, the Jamaat-e-Islami functions through its branches across the country. Its student wing is called the Students Islamic Organisation (SIO) which holds its camps, lectures and seminars in Muslim pockets regularly.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/indi ... 403397.cms


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